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11.
M. Hühn 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(1):28-34
In many fields of application in plant breeding and crop science, ratios of two component traits X and Y are of interest (harvest index in cereals, leaf-to-stem ratio in forage legumes, height-to-diameter ratio in forest trees etc.). When selection is practised on the ratio X/Y of two traits X and Y, the experimenter may be interested in the resulting changes of both trait means. Based on improved approximations for the covariances between X and X/Y and between Y and X/Y and for the variance of X/Y the changes in the means of X and Y can be predicted by applying the regression approach from conventional selection theory. Explicit expressions for these correlated responses in X and Y when selection is practised on their ratio X/Y are derived and discussed. The different outcomes (decrease, zero change or increase) for the selection pressures on X and Y are characterized by phenotypic coefficients of variation of X and Y, phenotypic and genotypic correlations between X and Y and heritabilities of X and Y. 相似文献
12.
夏大豆亩产262.1kg生理指标研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
研究了夏大豆中油-89D亩产262.1kg各项生理指标:叶面积系数,开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期分别为3.98、5.80、4.91;总光合势18.2万m^2·日,平均净光合生产率4.81g/m^2·日,氮磷总积累量分别为22.28kg和3.13kg,每生产100kg籽粒需吸收氮8.50kg,磷1.19kg,总干物质积累876.47kg,粒茎比0.51,经济系数0.30。 相似文献
13.
本文估计了褐壳蛋鸡洛岛红(AA)和浅花苏赛克斯(BB)在正反反复选择(RRS)下的近交系数,分析了近交对选择标准饲料利用率及其相关性状和繁殖性状的影响。试验群体由两纯种及其正反交组合和相应的对照组组成。经过7个世代的RRS和近交试验,试验组AA和BB(括弧里为对照组1AA和1BB)用系谱材料计算出的平均累积近交系数分别为2.58%和3.23%(9.33和8.17%)或每代为0.43%(1.35%),用有效群体含量估计出的AA与BB的相应数值为2.91%与2.83%(5.84%与5.92%)或每代为0.42%(0.86%)。1%近交系数导致的孵化率和饲料利用率的近交衰退较严重(0.5%和0.4%),其次是产蛋性状(约0.3%),而体重和蛋重只有0.1%左右。在本研究中,通过连续7代的RRS与合适的留种率等措施,成功地将闭锁群体的近交系数控制在3%以下的低水平,消除或减轻了近交对饲料利用率等重要经济性状的不利影响。 相似文献
14.
家兔选育性状典型相关分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选择日本大耳白和新西兰两个品种家兔的生长、繁殖、以及体尺3组共17个性状,应用多元统计方法进行了典型相关分析,结果表明;日本大耳白兔的初生重、初生窝重、21日龄重、泌乳力、胸围等5个性状,新西兰兔的产活仔数、初生重、21日龄重、泌乳力、断奶窝重、母兔体重等6个性状为主要性状。 相似文献
15.
M. Bonierbale R. Plaisted S. Tanksley 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):211-214
Introgression of trichome-mediated insect resistance from the wild speciesSolanum berthaultii has become a major focus of the potato improvement program at Cornell University during the past twelve years. Several quantitative characters are involved in this resistance which is effective against a wide range of pest types. Correlative biochemical assays have been developed to assay specific components of the resistance, and the effects of the resistance on the target pests have been studied. Quantitative laboratory assays and specific measurements of insect behavior and biology have increased the precision of selection and enable the investigation of the genetic control of the resistance.We are currently using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for genetic mapping of factors controlling the trichome traits fromS. berthaultii. Backcrosses to both the wild and the cultivated species parents have been evaluated for phenotypes contributing to the resistance mechanism, including trichome density, sucrose ester and polyphenol oxidase production by the trichomes, and the enzymatic browning reaction responsible for insect entrapment. Genetic maps are being developed for these progenies, using RFLP markers previously mapped in potato. Field and greenhouse trials under insect infestations are also being conducted with the mapping progeny. Our goal is to locate genes responsible for quantitative insect resistance by correlating RFLP variation at mapped loci with the trichome phenotypes and insect resistance. Genetic markers for these traits will be useful in transfer of the effective wild chromosomal segments into and among tetraploid potatoes, and for a better understanding of the resistance mechanism. 相似文献
16.
干旱胁迫对香根草生长及光合生理主要特征的影响 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
对干旱、半水淹和对照(正常灌水)等三种处理香根草在30d后的生长状况,以及退水、复水40d后三种处理香根草对光合有效辐射(PAR)增强的光合生理主要特征进行研究。结果表明:复水、退水后,干旱、半水淹处理香根草Pn、Tr和WUE均已恢复正常,说明香根草具有相当强的抗旱耐涝能力。 相似文献
17.
5种国兰( Cymbidium ) 的光合特性 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光分析等方法研究了5种国兰(Cymbidium ) 的光合特性。其光饱和点、光补偿点、CO2 补偿点和CO2 饱和点表明它们具有C3 植物特征; 光合速率在3.0 ~5.9 μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1之间, 在低于2 000 μmol·mol- 1 CO2 浓度下, 光合速率受CO2 浓度影响较大; 5种国兰的光合能力、表观量子效率、羧化效率等都有所差异; 光饱和点在350~650μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1之间, 属于喜阴植物,其中春兰、建兰耐阴性相对较低, 墨兰、春剑耐阴性相对较高, 蕙兰居中。从暗处暴露到强光下, 5种国兰的光化学反应启动差异较大, 启动后的光化学效率差异也较大, 这可能与国兰不同种起源地的生态环境,适应性及进化有关。 相似文献
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20.
Variation of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to soil quality: implications for invasiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The performance of Parthenium hysterophorus , native to the tropical Americas and invasive to several countries, was evaluated for response to soil quality. Phenological (six stages) and quantitative growth variables [relative growth rates in height (Rh ) and diameter (Rd )] were measured every fortnight. Based on harvest data, the variables, root:shoot (R:S) ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate in biomass (Rw ), net assimilation rate (NAR) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. High clay content in soils prolonged the rosette stage, enhanced Rh and Rd and hampered root growth, but promoted biomass allocation to shoots. The extreme degree of plant mortality was observed, with only 33.3% individuals surviving to reproduce in the soils with highest clay contents. This appears to be one of the most important findings that certainly has a major bearing on the range of adaptation of the weed. Seed mass declined whereas seed production increased in relatively coarser soils with the exception of nearly pure sand. In soils rich in clay, plants produced a smaller number of larger seeds. These data suggest that variation in fundamental functional traits would enable P. hysterophorus to adjust to a variety of habitat conditions. 相似文献